Ottoman Re-Conquest Early 19th Cent Direct Ottoman rule was reimposed, and reforms were instated, spearheaded by Midhat Pasha. Under the rule of Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39) the central Ottoman government began to implement the Nizam-i Cedid (New Order) which reclaimed power from semi-autonomous provincial governors into the hands of the sultan Taking Baghdad 1831 Da’ud [...]

1514 The Ottoman conquest of العراق Iraq began as an outgrowth of a religious war between the Sunni Ottoman sultan and the shi’a Safavid shah. The territory making up most of contemporary العراق Iraq came under permanent Ottoman rule. Mesopotamia was split into three provinces based on the towns of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra. The [...]

Opening to Turks 1071/08/26 After the Battle of Malazgirt, Anatolia opened its doors to the Turks.

Image Artifact Date Overview Icon of the Triumph of Orthodoxy. About 1400. Constantinople. Egg tempera, gesso, wood, linen, gold-lead. British Museum. PE 1988.0411.1. Purchased with the aid of The Art Fund. Image by L. M. Clancy, 2009/09/13. Icon of Triumph of Orthodoxy About 1400 In AD 730 the Byzantine Emperor Leo III forbade the use [...]