Samnites

The Samnites were a warlike mountain race put up Italy's fiercest resistance to the onslaught of Rome. The Samnites belonged to the Umbro-Sabellian race, a group from the eastern central region of the Italian peninsula who spoke Oscan. The Samnites originally lived in the south of the region in hill-forts and agricultural villages. They worshipped at rural sanctuaries and likely held assemblies where leaders and officials were chosen from the wealthy elite.

Seizing Campania	~400 BC	The Samnites put an end to Etruscan colonization in Campania, and Samnite tribes poured into the south-western coastal plains of Campania, Basilicata and into Calabria. Possession of Campania gave the Samnites a base for activities against Rome.
Seizing Capua	423 BC	Samnites seized power in the Etruscan Capua.
Seizing Cuma	423 BC	Samnites seized power in the Greek colony of Cuma.
Seizing Posidonia	421/20 BC	Samnites seized power in the Greek colony of Posidonia.
First Samnite War	343-290 BC
Social War	90-88 BC	Samnites led an attack on Rome in the Social War.
Civil Wars	82 BC	The brutal slaughter of Samnites during the Civil Wars effectively eliminated them from further political or military activity.