Extracellular Bacterial Protein Toxins

Name	Organism	Activity
Anthrax Toxin	Bacillus anthracis	Edema Factor (EF) is an adenylatecyclase that causes increased levels in intracellular cyclic AMP in phagocytes and formation of ion-permeable pores in membranes (hemolysis).
Adenylate cyclase toxin	Bordetella pertussis	Acts locally to increase levels of cyclic AMP in phagocytes and formation of ion-permeable pores in membranes (hemolysis).
Cholera enterotoxin (ctx)	Vibriocholerae	ADP ribosylation of G proteins stimulates adenlyate cyclase and increases cAMP in cells of the GI tract, causing secretion of water and electrolytes
E. coli LT toxin	Escherichia coli	Similar to cholera toxin
E. coli ST toxin	Escherichia coli	Stimulates guanylatecyclase and promotes secretion of water and electrolytes from intestinal epithelium
Shiga toxin	Shigelladysenteriae	Enzymatically cleaves rRNAresulting in inhibition of protein synthesis in susceptible cells
Perfringensentero toxin	Clostridium perfringens	Stimulates adenylate cyclase leading to increased cAMPin epithelial cells
Botulinum toxin	Clostridium botulinum	Zn++dependent protease that inhibits neurotransmission at neuromuscular synapses, resulting in flaccid paralysis
Tetanus toxin	Clostridium tetani	Zn++dependent protease that inhibits neurotransmission at inhibitory synapses resulting in spastic paralysis
Diphtheria toxin (dtx)	Corynebacterium diphtheriae	ADP ribosylationof elongation factor 2 leads to inhibition of protein synthesis in target cells
Exotoxin A	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Inhibits protein synthesis; similar to diphtheria toxin
Anthrax toxin (LF)	Bacillus anthracis	Lethal Factor (LF) is a Zn++dependent protease that induces cytokine release and is cytotoxicto cells by an unknown mechanism
Pertussistoxin (ptx)	Bordetella pertussis	ADP ribosylationof G proteins blocks inhibition of adenylatecyclasein susceptible cells
Staphylococcus enterotoxins*	Staphylococcus aureus	Massive activation of the immune system, including lymphocytes and macrophages, leads to emesis
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1)*	Staphylococcus aureus	Acts on the vascular system causing inflammation, fever and shock
Exfoliatintoxin*	Staphylococcus aureus	Cleavage of epidermal cells (intradermal separation)