Extracellular Bacterial Protein Toxins
| Name | Organism | Activity |
|---|---|---|
| Anthrax Toxin | Bacillus anthracis | Edema Factor (EF) is an adenylatecyclase that causes increased levels in intracellular cyclic AMP in phagocytes and formation of ion-permeable pores in membranes (hemolysis). |
| Adenylate cyclase toxin | Bordetella pertussis | Acts locally to increase levels of cyclic AMP in phagocytes and formation of ion-permeable pores in membranes (hemolysis). |
| Cholera enterotoxin (ctx) | Vibriocholerae | ADP ribosylation of G proteins stimulates adenlyate cyclase and increases cAMP in cells of the GI tract, causing secretion of water and electrolytes |
| E. coli LT toxin | Escherichia coli | Similar to cholera toxin |
| E. coli ST toxin | Escherichia coli | Stimulates guanylatecyclase and promotes secretion of water and electrolytes from intestinal epithelium |
| Shiga toxin | Shigelladysenteriae | Enzymatically cleaves rRNAresulting in inhibition of protein synthesis in susceptible cells |
| Perfringensentero toxin | Clostridium perfringens | Stimulates adenylate cyclase leading to increased cAMPin epithelial cells |
| Botulinum toxin | Clostridium botulinum | Zn++dependent protease that inhibits neurotransmission at neuromuscular synapses, resulting in flaccid paralysis |
| Tetanus toxin | Clostridium tetani | Zn++dependent protease that inhibits neurotransmission at inhibitory synapses resulting in spastic paralysis |
| Diphtheria toxin (dtx) | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | ADP ribosylationof elongation factor 2 leads to inhibition of protein synthesis in target cells |
| Exotoxin A | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Inhibits protein synthesis; similar to diphtheria toxin |
| Anthrax toxin (LF) | Bacillus anthracis | Lethal Factor (LF) is a Zn++dependent protease that induces cytokine release and is cytotoxicto cells by an unknown mechanism |
| Pertussistoxin (ptx) | Bordetella pertussis | ADP ribosylationof G proteins blocks inhibition of adenylatecyclasein susceptible cells |
| Staphylococcus enterotoxins* | Staphylococcus aureus | Massive activation of the immune system, including lymphocytes and macrophages, leads to emesis |
| Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1)* | Staphylococcus aureus | Acts on the vascular system causing inflammation, fever and shock |
| Exfoliatintoxin* | Staphylococcus aureus | Cleavage of epidermal cells (intradermal separation) |